Blue sensitive sub-band gap negative photoconductance in SnO2/TiO2 NP bilayer oxide transistor.

Large negative photoconductance (NPC) of SnO2/TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) heterostructure has been observed with thin film transistor (TFT) geometry and has been investigated using sub-bandgap light (blue) illumination. This negative photoconduction has been detected both in accumulation and depletion mode operation, which effectively reduces the carrier mobility (µ) of the TFT. Moreover, the threshold voltage (Vth) widely shifted in the positive direction under illumination. The combined effects of the reduction of mobility and Vth shifting led to a faster reduction of On (or Off) state current under illumination. The negative photosensitivity of this system is as high as 3.2 A W-1, which has been rarely reported in the earlier literature. Moreover, the variation of On (or Off) current, µ and Vth shift is linear with low-intensity blue light. This SnO2/TiO2 NP bilayer channel has been deposited on top of an ionic dielectric (Li-Al2O3) that reduces its operating voltage of this TFT within 2 V. Furthermore, the device has achieved a saturation mobility of 0.4 cm2 V-1 s-1 with an on/off ratio of 7.4 × 103 in the dark. An energy band diagram model has been proposed based on the type-II heterostructure formation between SnO2/TiO2 semiconductors to explain this NPC mechanism. According to the energy band diagram model, adsorbed H2O molecules of TiO2 NPs created a depleted layer in the heterostructure that accelerated the recombination process of photo-generated carriers rather than its transport.

The European Nucleotide Archive in 2023.

The European Nucleotide Archive (ENA; https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena) is maintained by the European Molecular Biology Laboratory's European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI). The ENA is one of the three members of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC). It serves the bioinformatics community worldwide via the submission, processing, archiving and dissemination of sequence data. The ENA supports data types ranging from raw reads, through alignments and assemblies to functional annotation. The data is enriched with contextual information relating to samples and experimental configurations. In this article, we describe recent progress and improvements to ENA services. In particular, we focus upon three areas of work in 2023: FAIRness of ENA data, pandemic preparedness and foundational technology. For FAIRness, we have introduced minimal requirements for spatiotemporal annotation, created a metadata-based classification system, incorporated third party metadata curations with archived records, and developed a new rapid visualisation platform, the ENA Notebooks. For foundational enhancements, we have improved the INSDC data exchange and synchronisation pipelines, and invested in site reliability engineering for ENA infrastructure. In order to support genomic surveillance efforts, we have continued to provide ENA services in support of SARS-CoV-2 data mobilisation and have adapted these for broader pathogen surveillance efforts.

The European Nucleotide Archive in 2022.

The European Nucleotide Archive (ENA; https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena), maintained by the European Molecular Biology Laboratory's European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), offers those producing data an open and supported platform for the management, archiving, publication, and dissemination of data; and to the scientific community as a whole, it offers a globally comprehensive data set through a host of data discovery and retrieval tools. Here, we describe recent updates to the ENA's submission and retrieval services as well as focused efforts to improve connectivity, reusability, and interoperability of ENA data and metadata.

The European Nucleotide Archive in 2021.

The European Nucleotide Archive (ENA, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena), maintained at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory's European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) provides freely accessible services, both for deposition of, and access to, open nucleotide sequencing data. Open scientific data are of paramount importance to the scientific community and contribute daily to the acceleration of scientific advance. Here, we outline the major updates to ENA's services and infrastructure that have been delivered over the past year.

Immobilization of Cu3(btc)2 on graphene oxide-chitosan hybrid composite for the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue.

The graphene oxide (GO)-based materials are appealing channels for water treatment, their separation from water for recycle remains a task. The Cu3(btc)2 (btc = benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid) metal organic framework (MOF) was covalently immobilized onto chitosan (CS)/graphene oxide (GO) to form a catalyst material, which was subjected to characterization by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, BET, and UV-vis diffusive reflectance spectra. MOFs are permeable crystalline compounds consisting of metal ions and polyfunctional organic ligands. The structural characterization revealed that the Cu3(btc)2 and chitosan were incorporated into the graphene oxide structure. The adsorption of MB by GO-CS@Cu3(btc)2 catalyst was clearly defined by Langmuir isotherm and pseudosecond order kinetic model. GO-CS@Cu3(btc)2 was found to possess an adsorption capacity of ~357.15 mg/g. The findings displayed the probability of reusing the catalyst material for several photocatalytic processes. The GO-CS@Cu3(btc)2 catalyst material exhibited 98% degradation of MB within 60 min under UV irradiation. The obtained MB degradation results were fitted onto a Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) plot. The GO-CS@Cu3(btc)2 catalyst material exhibited high degradation efficiencies at neutral pH conditions. The results have shown that the GO-CS@Cu3(btc)2 catalyst material can be used as a catalyst for adsorption and as a photocatalyst for the efficient degradation of methylene blue from aqueous solutions.